Cricket

 Cricket is played  between two teams of 11 players on a field,at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch..In professional cricket the length of a game ranges from 20 overs(called T20)format of six bowling deliveries per side to test cricket played  over five days..The laws of cricket are maintained by the  International Cricket Council (ICC)and the Melbourne Cricket Club(MCC)with  additional standard playing  conditions for test matches and one  day International .Cricket was first played  in Southern England in  16th century.By the end of 18th century it had developed into the national sport of England.. The expansion of the British Empire led to cricket being played overseas and by the mid  -19th centuruy the first international matches were being held..The ICC the game governing body has 10 full members ..The game is played particularly in Australia ,the Indian subcontinent the west Indies Southern Africa and England .Present President of ICC  MUstafa Kamal from Bangladesh..
   
   
 Year                        Venue                                                Winner  
1975(21-6-75          Lords(England)                              West Indies(291/8)beat Australia (274)by 17 r
1979(23-6-79)         Lords(England)                              West Indies(286/9)beat England (194)by 92 r
1983(25-6-83)         Lords(England)                              India (183)beat West Indies (140)by 43 r
1987(8-11-87)         Calcutta(India)                               Australia (253)beat England (246/8) by 7 r
1992(24-3-92)         melbourne(Australia)                     Pakistan (249)beat England (227)r
1996(17-3-96)        Lahore(Pakistan)                             Sri Lanka(245/3)beat Australia(241/7)by 7 w
1999(20-6-99)        Lords(England)                               Australia(133/2)beat Pakistan (132)by 8 w
 

Data Communications

  As of today our topic is about  Data Communications..so,its a very important subject..each and every software should know about this data communaications...so, let us begin .....
 so our first  we have to know about data, and communication...
 So what is Data?????
 Data is an information stored in digital form..
  So,information is of  two types....

Analog:-  It is a Contineous  form of information..Ex:- ECG, Audio,speech..
Digital:- Binary coded numbers, Alpha numeric  0's  1's  etc.,

Data:-
  
1)raw, unorganisation facts that need to be processed..


Info:-

1)Well organised useful meaning understandable to human..

Communication:-
   Transferring of information from one point to  another point through a communication medium..

                     or 
  
   Establishing a link beween  two points for information exchange..

Data Communication:-

   Transfering of digital information fromone point to the  another point through a communication media..

 Data Communication System:-

     The  information assembled togeather to the a communication medium.

   to develop these there are 5 elements...they are..

   Message:-  An information that can be  communicated.

   EX:- text,speech,audio,

   Sender:- It is a device or human..it may be mobile work station.

  Receiver:- It is also a device which receives.

  Transmission Medium:- It is a physical path through which message travels from sender to  receiver.

  

Protocol:- It defines the rules for sending a data between sender and receiver..

Network:-A set of devices that are interconnected by media to share the information..

                  We  can also  call devices as  nodes,points,stations.

Computer Network:-

     Linking of set of computers that are  interconnected by a medium..

Ex:- Atm to banks, one system connected to  another..

Network Architecture:-

      It defines  the way in which a  Data communication network is arranged.or structured..

 these are classified into 2 types..

   1)point-point 

   2)Broadcast

  In point -to-point  there can be only one point.

  In broadcast no.of subscribers different...

   there are 2 types in broadcasting ..

 1)Broadcasting:-one info is shared by  all systems.

 2)Multicasting:- only one  system some set of subscribers..

Protocol Data Unit..(PDU):-    

    We share information as blocks  of  data or packet..

Ex:- 1000 bytes  we have taken..that is divided into blocks....like 300 b   400 b  300b

 Protocol Stack:-

     List of  protocols is called protocol stack..

  

 Protocols:-

     There are two types of protocols..

1)Connection Oriented.

2)Connection less Protocols.

 1)connection oriented protocols  establishes a logical connections between 2 points prior to the transmission of data..

   In this one system sends  info to recever...and receiver gives info to sender...this is called handshaking..

 

  2)Connection less protocols which uses source & destination addresses without  handshake..

     sender sends request to receiver...but receiver doesnot respond..

      here ther is less reliability..

     This includes syntax and sematics..

     

Syntax mean  some structure..

Sematics:- it describes meaning of each section ..of format...

  

How to tie a tie???

   How to Tie a Tie????

       So, how to tie a tie ...Now a days every professional  must tie a tie..It is very hard to                                    tie...some  may   dont know how to tie...For freshers it is very tough..so we will see how to tie...:-)

       Step 1:- First take a tie..

       Step 2:- Start with wide end of the tie on the right and small one with left.lets cross the tie with  wide          and   small ones.. the tip of the small one must rest slightly above ur  belly this will vary depending on ur height..only move on active end..

      Step 3:- wide end will over the small end to left side.

      Step 4:- Up into the neck loop from underneth.

     Step 4:- Down to left

     Step 5:- Around the back of the small end to the right.

    Step  6:-up to the centre towards neck loop.

    Step 7:- Through the neck loop and down to right.

    Step 8:-Across front to left.

    Step 9:- Down through the loop you have  just created in the front.

   Step 10:- Tighten the  knot by pulling down on the wide end slide the knot up and adjust.

      

Operating Systems

 Operating Systems:-

    Operating System is a set of program  which contain set of instructions for coordinating the activities between hardware is known as Operating Systems..with this o.s the system identifies input from mouse,webcamera,keyboard and helps in displaying the output on the monitor.Not only this  to do all other works the os need to the systems.All most all os perform similar functions.There are some other os which are helpful to count work and administrator security.the os used in mainframe computer in different from desktop computers ..Like this the os in a pc is different from apple computer.one os is working with the application software is not work with another..

  

OS -Functions:-

   The power supply sends signals to all devices including motherboard when we switch on the systems.When the power goesoff it searches for ROM  which contain BIOS .It contain start-up functions odf system.the bios make a few power -on self -tests posts whether the computer hardware  computers on fixed correctly...Automatically some beeps sounds and some messages and displayed on the monitor..The memory capacity,monitor,keyboard,diskdrive type time &date setting etc.,After these bios searches for system files.this is also a specific os .First the os checks for give on drive A,then bios  searches in drive C. In base other system this will be in CD ROM, DVD -ROM drive.After identified the systemfiles,they will be located in memory and the memory which in having memory will take for all control of computer,..

   The operating system are so many types.there are  DOS,Windows 3.x,windows95,windows NT,windows 98,windowws 2000,windows ME,windows xp,windows vista,windows NT server,windows NT work systemwindows 2000 server,unix ,linux,windows 2003 services etc.,,,

Generations Of A Computer

    Almost now a days  all are using  compoters..without the computers the survival is nothing.So,we       will  learn about the   generations of a computers and how it will  be  from 1 st  genaration to now..

  

 1 st Genaration Computers:-

       Firstly the father of computer is Charles Babbage..So,when he developed a computer it is called 1st generation..that is in 1948.  Vaccume tubes  are used as components and with help of these tubes of liquid mercury and magnetic drums are used for memory...so now also we are using these in  auxilary memory..these are having  some disadvantages..like very big power consumption etc.,

2 nd Generation Computers:-

    By the disadvantages of  1st genaration   the  2 nd generation computers are developed and came into market..In 1954 the transistors are used instead of   vaccume tubes..and memory is used with the help of  Magnetic  Cores..

Ex:- Honeywell. realiability was increased and size  was reduced.

3 rd Genaration Computers:-

  In  1965   the integrated Circuits was  introduced.the first integrated circuits (IC's) are used in the  first operationg systems.. At this time the 1st online computers was improved.Here the magnetic roles and punch cards are  used..

4 th Generation Computers :-

  In  1975  computer  made with  Micro Processors..i.e., chips..It is also called as Personal Computers(PC).We measure the chips in terms of microns.Query languages ,sheets, report writers are first introduced  and most of users are  familier with this..

5 th Generation Computers:-

  In 1980  In the computers the LSI  which includes artificial intelligence (AI) and true distribution processing .The computers are classified  into four types  according to the  industrial  requirments..

   

 1) Micro Computers:-

      these are the longest range  in the computers..these are having restricted  computing capacity..these are used for teaching purposes in schools.

2)Mini Computers:-

      these systems are having  the capabilities like sharing info, sharing resources,.We can use these systems for networking in java ,LAN,WAN,MAN etc.,

3) Main Frame Computers:-

      these are called servers,with this we can operate hundreds of systems.It is having large storage capacity.these are used in business.

  

4) Super Computers:-

     These are the highest range of computers .This was  first designed by a "param" in 1998..with our technology..these systems are used in satellite technology.biotechnologies,weapon deasigning,air craft,weather forecasting..

Historical Development of Computers.

    Historical Development Of Computers:-

          

          We use computers in our daily life..Computers  are playing crucial role in  real life for                         us..Computers  are used every where .i.e., in Multinational Companies,Schools,houses etc.,We             can't  do  the  big ,major calculations.what computer doe's..We cannot live without                               internet...with the help of internet the computer is very helpful  and useful. With the help of                  computers we can store the data,files etc.,In  olden days we use  DVD players to watch                        movies..But now a days we  can watch the movies in our PC only...

          So the father of  computers is Charles Babbage. ..

          

           More than these functanalities, we get entertainment  like video games,can listen songs,music             related  can helpful in education,store photos,Computers are useful to know the world wide news,sports,whether report,education news,online tutorials,,can send photos to others,can chat with friends who are far to us can do online transactions,to get tickets,with scanner we can send files,

Java For Life ...Part-6

• Operators:-

    We come  across the concept called  Operators..So,today  we learn about  New  operator.

  New Operator:-

     This is used for creating Objects in java.

•  Objects will be created for classes in java..
• An  Object  is a instance of a class.
• Where a class is a template  or blue printW
• When ever an object is created  Memory  will be allocated for the members  of        the class.

    Dot  Operator:-

        This is used to access members of the class or classes of the package etc.,

     Ex:-  Student.course, java.util.String etc.,

    

    Parsing:-

         The process of converting a String  value to  primitive value is called Parsing .

       

    Command Line Arguments:-

        The values [input] which are provided   from the command promt at time of  executing java            program  are called command line arguments..

      

       All command line arguments  are  stored in string array of main method..which is args.

       All the command line arguments will be stored as String  type, irrespective of its original type..

       

     

Photo Shop -Short cuts

   As we  seen  the importance of pagemaker and photoshop it plays a very important role in today's 

   life.. And also we have seen some  of the  short cuts...And now  we will see the  another some              Short cuts..let us start..

    

  Image Short Cuts:-

   Adjust Levels                                      -  Ctrl+L

   Adjust Auto Levels                             -  Shift+Ctrl+L

   Adjust Auto Contrast                         -  Option +Shift+Ctrl+L

   Adjust Curves                                      -  Ctrl+M

  Adjust Color Balance                           -  Ctrl+B

  Adjust Hau/Satuaration                       - Ctrl+U

  Adjust Desaturation                             -  Shift+Ctrl+U

  Adjust Invert                                         -   Ctrl+I

  Extract                                                   -  Option+Ctrl+X

  Equity                                                     -  Shift+Command+X

  

Layer Short Cuts:-

  New Layer                                             -  Shift+Ctrl+N

 New Layer Via Copy                             -   Ctrl+J

 New Layer Via Cut                                -   Shift+Ctrl+I

Group With Previous                             -   Control+G

Ungroup                                                  -    Shift+Ctrl+G

Arrange Bring to Front                         -    Shift+Ctrl+]

Arrange>Send Backward                     -    Ctrl+[

Merge Link                                            -     Ctrl+E

Merge Visible                                         -     Shift+Ctrl+E

Select Short Cuts:-

  select All                                             -   Ctrl+A

  Deselect                                               -  Ctrl+D

  Reselect                                               -   Shift+Ctrl+D

  Select Inverse                                      -   Shift+Ctrl+I

  Feather                                                -    Option+Ctrl+D

  Layer Palat                                          -    F7

 Filter Short Cuts:-

  Last  Filter                                         -    Ctrl+F

View Short Cuts:-

  Proof Color                                        -    Ctrl+Y

  Gamut Warning                                 -     Shift+Ctrl+Y

  Zoom In                                             -     Ctrl++ 

  Zoom Out                                          -      Ctrl+-

  Fit on Screen                                      -      Ctrl+0(zero)

  Actual Pxels   Windows                     -      Shift+Ctrl+0(Zero)

 Macintosh                                            -      Option+Ctrl+0(zero)

  Show/Hide Extras                              -      Ctrl+H

   Show/Hide Rulers                             -      Ctrl+R

   Snap                                                  -      Ctrl+;

    Lock Guides                                    -      Option+Ctrl+,

    Help Short Cuts Contents                -       F1

        So,friends these are the photo shop short cuts....let's all have a look at these and try it...,:-).                              -      

Photo Shop Short Cuts

Adobe Page Maker@7.0:-

     This is the first desktop publishing program introduced in  1985.  by  Aldus  Corporation..once  upon a time it is very strain to print a.By using computer software we can do work very fastly.The  software that was used in printer is desktop publisher.there are two types are software that were used in printer. i.e., page maker,photoshopee..

  

Pagemaker:-

    This software will help us  Extra page designing  means typing letters ,designing the borders, making different types of documents,..The work don in this software,we can print them in one color,teo color, or three color..

PhotoShop:-

     We can create strange things.We can create anything which is not there..We can chsnge shape of a man.We can make the magics.We can also create colourful shapes.Alot of changes come in printing after photoshop program discovered.Now a days we are using  digital cameras.to get the print from digital camera,we will take them from photoshop.We can also change the old black and white photos into color photos.We can rectify the tased photos also.In  photoshop we can replace once head with another.We can get our photo taken at home as we are standing before Tajmahal.We can create ,modify,combine and  optimize digital images.It contains a large variety of image editity,features like filters.Photoshop creates sophisticated images for both print and also..

File Options:-

New                                                   -  Ctrl+N

Open                                                 -  Ctrl+o

Open As                                            -  Option+Ctrl+O

Close                                                 -   Ctrl+W

Save                                                  -   Ctrl+s

Save As                                            -   Shift+Ctrl+S

Print Option                                    -   Ctrl+N

Save for Web                                   -   Option+Ctrl+S

Page setup                                        -   Shift+Ctrl+N

Print                                                  -  Ctrl+P

 

Edit Short Cuts:-

 

Undo                                                -   Ctrl+Z

Step Forward                                  -   Option+Ctrl+Z

Step Backword                                -   Ctrl+Alt+Z

Cut                                                    -   Ctrl+X

Copy                                                 -   Ctrl+C

Copy Merged                                   -   Shift+Ctrl+C

Paste                                                  -   Ctrl+V

Paste Info                                          -   Shift+Ctrl+v

Free Transform[layer resize]          -   Ctrl+T

Fade                                                   -   Shift+Ctrl+F

Color Settings                                    - Shift+Ctrl+K

Preferences                                         - Ctrl+K

Java for Life ..Part - 5

    Data Types in Java:-

         These are used  to specify  the Type of data .that we store in the memory location..

            there are  three [3]  types of data types  available in java  such as:

          1) Primitive data types

          2) Derived data types.

          3)User Defined datatypes.

      Primitive Data type:-

      These  are pre-defined data types which are used for storing  Single Values..

       These are  also called  as Fundamental data types..

        Under this  category  there are  8 types of which are classified into  4  categories..

        such as:

       1) integer category

        2) Floating point

       3) Character

        4)Boolean.

        

         Byte,short, int,long come under integer category.

         all data types are meant for storing purpose..but their sizes and ranges are different..

         Float,Double come under floating point category..

          we call character  in c and c++..but in java we call  as String..

           In boolean  we have only true or false..

      Type Casting:-

            "The process of  converting a value from  1  primitive data type to the  other  is called                    type casting.."

                there are 2 types.

              1) Implicit type casting

              2) Explicit type casting.

          Implicit type casting:-

                The process of converting a primitive type value to the target type automatically is                        called implicit type casting..

           Explicit Type casting:-

                 The process of converting primitive value to the target type only by specifying the                        target type explicitly is called  explicit type casting...

           

        Variables:-

                It is an Identifier given to the memory location..The  value of variable can be                                 modified..

          Declaration of  Variable:-

               The process of specifying the type of value that we store into  memory location..is called                      variable declaration..

        

        

     

        

     

Java For Life..Part-4

 Rules For Writing Identifiers in Java:-

    1) An identifier does not contain Spaces.

    2)An identifier doesnot start with a Digits.

    3)It cannot have special characters except underscore(_),$

    4)Keywords of java cant be used as identifier.

    5)You can have the identifier  with any length & it is suggested upto   16 [sixteen] characters.

    6) You can have any name as identifier ,but it must be  apt to the application.

  Comments  in Java:-

    Comments in program  will explain the code .these are required for better  readibility. of the                 application..

       We have   three [3]  types of comments in  java.

   1) Single Line  Comment .

   2)Multi Line Comment.

   3)Documentation Comment.

 Single Line Comment:-

   It is used to provide the comments only in one line.

• these comments will be started with  //  and ends with // with in the same line.

       EX:- // this is single line//.

  Multiple Line Comment:-

    By using  this we can provide the comments in  multiple lines.

• These  comments will be started with /* ends with*/

1. EX:- /* this is line one */

 Documentation Line:-

    These are used to create a  API. [Application Program Enterprise]

1.     These comments will be start with /**  ends with */

 Keywords:-

  keyword is a pre-defined  word which has special meanings  in  java  are called keywords of java..

  EX:- class , public, void, char, int, etc.,..

  Note:- there are only  50 [fifty] keywords  available in java..

Java For Life...Part-3

Versions of Java:-     

      The  beta  version of java was released  in the year 1995. From then various versions  of java was released in the  subsequent  years like versions 1.0,1.1,1.2,1.3.....1.8.

       Java  1.5 is the  stable  version  which is called as  "tiger".. the latest version  of java is 1.8. released in the year  2014...

      So ,now Sun Micro Systems  is taken over by  "Oracle".corporation..so,it  is the product of  "oracle"..

Features Of Java:-

 

Java For Life.. Part-2

         So friends,we have seen the basics in the last post..So now we will discuss about java                          editions,history  of java...  let's begin..
          Java is available in  three [3] editions. such as,,
          1) JSE [ Java Standard Edition ]
          2) JEE[ Java  Enterprise Edition ]
         3)  JME[ Java  Mobile /micro Edition ]
       Note:-
       JSE is used for  developing   Stand Alone applications.
      JEE is used for  Web Based applications.
      JME  is used for  developing  Mobile /micro applications.

      History Of  JAVA:-
       
     Java is  pure Object Oriented ,platform independent  programming language which is developed by  James Gostling  at  Sun  Micro Systems..and now it was owned by  "Oracle".company.

Java For Life..

 1.      "Write a program i efficient way as you  write for kernal schedular"...       

 2.      " Learning the art of programming,like most other disciplines,   consists of  first learning the                   rules and  then learning ehen to break them."

3.       "Learning  Java is not listening in the class .. But it is  practising in the  Machine"... 

              

           So ,friends..we said that  "java is for life"....so, today we start  with  basics ......let's start the                  lesson... 

           

           So  at first we have to know ....

           What is a program???

           So, a program is a set of instructions  which is used  to perform a specific task...

           and also..we  all used to say "application" and "software" we regularly use these terms..but  we            does not know the  perfect meaning or definition..here iam going to give that..

           What is application / software ???

            It is a colliction of programs which will perform a set of task required for the organisation..

             and  Developing  software  is  like converting  the "real world " requirment into an                                application..

              There are  two  types of softwares..

              1) System Software.

               2)Application Software..

             so,, what is system,& application software??

           System Software??:-

           The software  which is used to make use of " physical devices "of the machine or system.

           EX: OS,device drivers,etc.,

           Application Software??:-

           Application Software is used for  making use of  fulfilling the requirments  of  "human being".

           This  software may be developed  for entertainment,,business  purpose.or any other needs of                 human being.. 

              there are two  categories..

          1)Stand alone application.

          2)Web based application.

          Stand Alone application:-

          An application which is installed and executed on the same machine  are called  stand alone                 application.

          EX:- Tally,MS-office,Calculator etc.,

          Web Based application:-

           The application which can be installed  on  "one machine" & which can be executed on  "any             other machine" in the "network"..

         Web Based application will be run through the  Client. which is a [browser].

          These applications  are "client server " type of applications.

         EX:- G-mail,facebook,all websites etc.,

         

       

King Khan Shah Rukh Khan throw another temper tantrum..

In a new ad for a popular food delivery app,actor Shah Rukh  Khan is seen slightly fumed again while reading a  script handed to him..Shah Rukh Khan is now brand ambassador of  "Food Panda"..and  in their latest advertisement the " Raees" actor does not seem to be very pleased with his role..

Indian - American astronaut chosen for NASA training

Indian - American astronaut Raja Chari is among 12 chosen from 18,300 applicants  for specialized

training by NASA. The  seven-men-five-women team will be trained for missions into deep space and Earth orbit. This is the 22nd batch of American spaceflight trainees since 1959,the largest in 20 years..So congratulations  Mr.Raja Chari.

Thought of the Day

Do one thing everyday that scares  you.
                                             
-Anonymous.

Hold the vision. Trust the process.

-Anonymous.

hero suriya upcoming movie

Hero Suriya  is acting in new tamil movie  called "aka" is the suriya`s next movie..is a tamil drama movie,, directed by a successful director  Selva Raghavan and produced by Prabhu  S R.The cast of Suriya  -Selvaraghavan Movie "aka" Suriyas Next  Movie includes Surya Sivakumar..
      and the most waiting critics over view will be coming soon..and the audience reaction was very intresting ...and they are saying that "it will be the suriya's  next blockbuster after the release and blockbuster of Singam 3"..he is a complete actor who had lots of varities and a complete man in real life also..that is why he had donated his expensive house to the orphans and oldage homes..we wish u a very happy success to suriya sir..hope the best..